Installing through the Windows Store, when the process reached the final stages I experienced a BSOD. Subsequently, the install process rolled back.
The install error given was 0xC1900101 - 0x4000D
Looking at the BSOD information a driver called AKSDF.SYS was the cause. It seems to be some sort of licensing software, though I'm not sure where it came from or what it protects; the install date was around the same time as the installation of Fiery Printserver controller software and X-Rite i1 colour calibration software.
Uninstalling the software did not make a difference to retrying the 8.1 upgrade.
I had to manually delete all files in C:\Windows\ that matched the following pattern:
AKS*.SYS
If I only deleted AKSDF.SYS, AKSFRIDGE.SYS caused a BSOD on the next attempt. So they all had to go.
Windows 8.1 Preview successfully installed after that